Televangelism

In the USA and Canada, a televangelist (a portmanteau of "television and evangelist") is a priest or minister who devotes a large portion of his (or her) ministry to TV broadcasts to a regular viewing and listening audience. A number of televangelists are also regular pastors or ministers in their own halls of worship, but the majority of their followers come from their TV and radio audiences.

Evangelists have been using telecommunications to convert people to Christianity since the earliest days of radio. One of the more famous American radio evangelists of the early 20th century was Father Charles Coughlin, whose strongly anti-Communist and anti-Semitic radio ministry reached millions of listeners during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

While largely Catholic in the North, this phenomenon has been almost entirely of the evangelical Protestant variety in the USA Midwest and South, where it formed as an outgrowth of revival-tent preaching, which experienced a resurgence during the Great Depression as itinerant traveling preachers drove from town to town, living off donations.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the rise of evangelical Protestant Christianity created well-known televangelists, with their own media networks, news exposure, and political influence. Many of these figures and their ministries retain substantial influence today.

Although televangelism began as a peculiarly American phenomenon, some US televangelists now reach a wider audience through international broadcast networks, and domestically produced televangelism is increasingly present in some other nations such as Brazil. Some countries do not permit this kind of open-access evangelism, and religious broadcasts, where they exist, are produced by the TV companies rather than private interest groups.

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1 Scandals
2 Trivia
3 References
4 See also

Scandals

Many televangelists have been at the center of considerable controversy, as some of their ministries believe in the charismatic doctrine of divine healing. This method, seen as pseudoscience and charlatanry by skeptics (and by many Christians) has been exposed as a fraud in the cases of some televangelists, such as Marjoe Gortner and Peter Popoff. Of note, however, is the fact that Marjoe Gortner was merely an evangelist, not a televangelist, who exposed himself as a fraud by allowing a film crew to document his fraudulent activities.

A series of such scandals in the 1980s resulted in the fall from grace of several famous televangelists, including Jim Bakker, who served a prison sentence for financial improprieties associated with his ministry, and Jimmy Swaggart, who made a famous tearful confession to a dalliance with a prostitute. Most of these televangelists have continued preaching, nonetheless, even though their audiences may be a small fraction of what they were at the height of their popularity.

Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell achieved further notoriety in 2001 with their conviction that the September 11 terrorist attacks constituted divine retribution provoked by rampant sexual immorality.

In 2005, Robertson announced on The 700 Club that Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez ought to be "taken out" by the US government. Many viewed this as a call for assassination. Later that year, in November, Robertson warned the town of Dover, Pennsylvania of a severe natural disaster following the defeat of the local school board for advocating intelligent design. In 2006, Robertson said God smote Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon after he withdrew troops from the Gaza Strip.

Trivia

In 2001, German video artist Christian Jankowski collaborated with televangelist Pastor Peter Spencer to create a piece called "The Holy Artwork." In the video, Jankowski collapses on the stage and the pastor delivers a long sermon about art, using Jankowski's work in video as a metaphor to explain Christian beliefs. While this video was a type of collaboration between the artist and pastor, they each have separate objectives, and it is ultimately not clear whether the piece is mocking the cultural phenomenon of televangelism or helping to promote it (or both).

The term televangelist was created by Time magazine.^[1]

Televangelism is a popular subject for parody and satire in popular culture. The Bloom County comic strip was one of the most notable and frequent spoofers, featuring a local Moral Majority leader and, later, Bill the Cat preaching as "Oral Bill". Films spoofing televangelism include Pray TV, Salvation!, and Pass the Ammo, while the subject got a more serious if still farcical treatment in The People vs. Larry Flynt. Adult magazines including Flynt's Hustler have often spoofed televangelism.

Televangelism

As television became a staple of American culture in the second half of the twentieth century, a growing number of Protestant preachers embraced the new mass medium to deliver their messages. Catholics, too, took to the airwaves, most famously in the person of Bishop Fulton J. Sheen, who utilized the new medium of television to demonstrate the compatibility of American culture and Catholic faith. Televangelism emerged after World War II as an outgrowth of evangelicalism, a type of Protestant religion based on the idea that people needed to open their hearts and redirect their wills toward Christ, not only to secure an eternal place in heaven, but also to better their lives on earth. While evangelicals point to the New Testament story of Jesus commissioning disciples as the origin of their movement, modern evangelicalism emerged in eighteenth-century Britain and North America in the context of a burgeoning market economy. Preachers skilled at awakening religious feelings in their audiences used open-air stages to promote their beliefs and to enact the emotional process of repentance for sin and heartfelt commitment to God.

The foremost evangelical predecessor of televangelists was the Anglican preacher George Whitefield, an actor before his conversion, whose combination of religious fervor, theatrical flair, and marketing genius made him the most celebrated figure in America in the decades preceding the American Revolution. One of the first entrepreneurs to cultivate publicity for his performances through the fast-growing newspaper medium, Whitefield drew large audiences to his sermons, which included tearful reenactments of the lives of biblical characters. These gatherings, where rich and poor, slave and free, men and women rubbed shoulders, exerted a democratizing force, although Whitefield himself never condemned the institution of slavery and was a latecomer to the cause of American independence.

As evangelicalism developed in America, African Americans contributed elements of African religious tradition, such as spirit possession, call and response, and the five-tone musical scale, to the repertoire of evangelical performance. In nineteenth century America evangelicalism was often associated with social reform, especially antislavery, education, and temperance. In the early twentieth century, however, evangelicalism became increasingly tied to conservative politics, fundamentalist interpretations of the Bible, and hostility to liberal forms of Protestant theology and social reform. When Billy Graham began to make use of television in the 1950s, evangelicalism was almost as closely identified with anticommunism as it was with personal salvation.

The most famous televangelist of the twentieth century, Graham turned from radio to television to broadcast his message. Combining fervent preaching, heart-melting music, and personal testimonies from successful people, Graham's crusades traveled around the country and eventually around the world, carrying the evangelical mix of religious outreach, theatrical entertainment, and creative entrepreneurship to new levels of sophistication. Graham's evident personal integrity and continual prayers for the spiritual guidance of political leaders led to his visibility as a respected public figure and to his role as counselor to several American presidents.

Televangelism boomed in the 1970s and 1980s, when the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) changed its policy of mandating

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Answering Questions About Televangelists

This article first appeared in the Effective Evangelism column of the Christian Research Journal, volume 27, number 05 (2004). For further information or to subscribe to the Christian Research Journal go to: http://www.equip.org

The Christian apologist is accustomed to answering for the historical “sins of the church,” such as the Spanish Inquisition and the Salem witch trials. Our technological world has brought us another category of sins that are trivial by comparison, but they continue to gain public exposure: the excesses of “televangelists.” During the 1980s, almost every week the news media reported on some new immoderation, such as Oral Roberts’s promise that he would be “taken home” if his ministry did not receive sufficient funding and Jim and Tammy Bakker’s purchases of luxuries like air-conditioned doghouses. Televangelist scandals reached their pinnacle in that decade. Today, while the secular media is no longer as interested in televangelists and both Roberts and the Bakkers have retreated into relative obscurity, other personalities have emerged to take their place, and less spectacular excesses and abuses continue.

Be Prepared. The best approach to answering those who are bewildered or angered by the activities of televangelists is to be proactive. Become familiar with the activities of prominent televangelists. The Christian who cannot offer at least a perfunctory response to the latest “scandal” may leave the impression of being apathetic toward abuses in the church. It is, of course, impossible to predict when the media will expose a televangelist or when a televangelist will raise eyebrows with his or her ostentatious behavior. If we familiarize ourselves with some of the major televangelists’ names and their activities, however, we will at least have some ground on which to answer questions. Apologetics organizations such as the Christian Research Institute provide information on specific televangelists and their activities.

The nature of this subject brings up a relevant point: those who inquire about televangelist behavior often are only trying to provoke an emotional reaction from the defending Christian. Our reaction should always be the same, however, whether we are presented with an honest question or a harassing query about a televangelist: provide an evenhanded and sensible response that is rooted in fact. Falling prey to the bait of a harassing inquirer will serve only to justify in their minds the judgment that Christians are irrational sheep who are unwilling to criticize their leaders’ errors. Our model, rather, should be the apostle Paul, who stood up to Peter when he was in the wrong and publicly charged him with error (Gal. 2).

Money Matters. Televangelist scandals may be roughly divided into three types. The first, and probably most frequent, issue that arises in these contexts is financial scandal. Questions about televangelist finances fall into the categories of general objections against fundraising (“Televangelists are always begging for money”) and specific objections against their use of funds (“Televangelists use donations to purchase frivolous luxuries”). General objections against fundraising present little difficulty for the Christian. It is enough to reply that there is no offense in merely asking for funding; all types of organizations fundraise, including those that are antireligious in nature (e.g., the Freedom from Religion Foundation), those that pursue political or social advocacy (e.g., People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), those that provide educational and entertainment services (e.g., public television and radio), and those that provide health and emergency services (e.g., the American Red Cross). If someone objects to the mere act of fundraising, ask whether he or she also believes that fundraising is objectionable when other organizations do it. Point out that every legal organization has a legitimate right to seek financing and that thousands of nonprofit organizations engage in fundraising activity. If the critic is reasonably consistent, this will be sufficient to answer his or her objection. If, however, someone argues that a particular televangelist seems to ask for funds too often or in a way that is objectionable, then this is a matter of personal judgment and must be dealt with on a case-by-case basis; there are those who even find public television’s periodic and low-key requests for funds to be objectionable!

On the other hand, when a televangelist actually does misuse funds for personal gain, it is indefensible. Our response should be to point to Jesus and the apostles as examples of leaders who were blameless in their ministries. Jesus was an itinerant preacher (Matt. 9:20; Luke 9:58) and Paul often worked at his tentmaking trade to support himself (Acts 18:3).¹ It may also be helpful to point out that Christians have founded “watchdog” organizations, such as the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability, to keep tabs on ministries and call them to account. It is important to show that many Christian organizations make a serious effort to keep their financial house in order.

Moral Misdeeds. When we are questioned about a televangelist involved in a moral scandal, our answers should be straightforward and to the point. When possible, respond by turning to Scriptures that prohibit immoral behavior (e.g., Exod. 20:14 and Matt. 5:27 denounce adultery). This is an obvious first step, but it certainly will not be the crux of the matter, since the questioner is probably already aware that the Bible forbids certain behaviors. The objection will more likely be to the evident hypocrisy of the televangelist who proclaims Jesus but does not do what Jesus commanded. The Bible, of course, clearly condemns hypocrisy (Matt. 23:28) and it admonishes us to be hearers and doers of God’s Word (James 1:23). The question posed to us will often be, “How can someone who professes to follow Jesus do things like this?” Our answer will depend on the televangelist in question and the nature of his or her misdeeds. Some moral misdeeds are simply the result of human weakness. Televangelists, like prominent athletes and celebrities, are often held to a higher standard by viewers and fans, but they are no less susceptible to temptation and sin than anyone else (Rom. 3:23; James 3:2). Other immoral actions may be a sign of a more serious spiritual problem or of a “wolf in the fold” (Acts 20:29). We need to be cautious in our judgments lest we become hypocrites ourselves (Matt. 7:1); nevertheless, we should remind inquirers that the Bible promises that every person will reap what he or she sows (Gal. 6:7). An immoral televangelist will by no means escape God’s judgment.

Doctrinal Deviations. A final area that may draw criticism is when a televangelist teaches an incorrect or even heretical theological doctrine. Doctrinal scandals may not attract media attention and unbelievers generally are unlikely to be concerned with unbiblical teachings; nevertheless, it is to our benefit to become familiar with any wayward doctrines taught by televangelists since these may explain (but not justify) their financial or moral excesses. Teachers of the “health and wealth gospel,” for example, have misinterpreted the Bible in order to support their accumulation of wealth and justify surrounding themselves with luxuries. By pointing out their misinterpretations, we will demonstrate to nonbelievers that the roots of scandal often lie in theological error and that we do not blindly follow those who misinterpret the Bible’s teachings.²

The Real Issue. At the heart of objections to televangelist behavior, there is a premise that the misdeeds of one who claims to be a Christian somehow are an effective argument against the truth of Christianity. That is simply illogical. Those misdeeds indicate the irrelevance of Christianity in the life of the wrongdoer, but they say nothing about the truth of the Christian faith itself. Christianity is founded on the historical fact of the resurrection of Jesus (1 Cor. 15:3–4, 14), and a televangelist scandal, as lamentable as that may be, will not change that fact. The misdeeds of a televangelist, moreover, do not disprove Christianity any more than the misdeeds of Stalin disprove atheism or the evil activities of Osama bin Laden disprove Islam. Only a religious system that claims that its followers are perfect could be disproven by the misdeeds of its followers. Christianity, however, claims only that its founder, Jesus Christ, is perfect, not its followers.

If the objector persists in arguing that the misdeeds of Christians disprove Christianity, then you may reply: “If you think that bad deeds invalidate Christianity, then will you accept that good deeds serve to validate it?” Faced with this dilemma, the person will have to either abandon the argument or concede that good deeds validate Christianity. If the person concedes, use the open door as an opportunity to point to persons who have lived exemplary lives in the name of Christ. Well-known, respected figures such as Billy Graham may be effective examples, but too distant. Someone with whom you are personally acquainted who can, perhaps, share his or her experiences with the objector and answer questions might be more helpful. Someone in my fellowship, for example, recently served for a week as a missionary in Central America. He gave of his own time, having used vacation hours from his job, and paid his own expenses. His experience inspired nonbelievers at his workplace to ask why someone would engage in such significant self-sacrifice. Finally, it may be helpful to point out the overall positive effect that Christians have had throughout history.³ Remember, however, that even though this line of reasoning may convince the person that Christianity is true, it is built on the faulty premise that the religion of anyone who does good deeds is valid.

Televangelist scandals seem to be better suited as topics for the pages of tabloid newspapers rather than for serious discussion. American society constantly monitors the behavior of prominent figures, and unfortunately it (illogically) uses the behavior of televangelists as a guide to determine if Christianity is true. It is inevitable that this challenge will enter into our daily discussions; therefore, Christians should be no less ready to answer this challenge to the Christian faith than to answer any other challenge.

— James Patrick Holding

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Robert A. Schuller

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The Reverend Dr. Robert Anthony Schuller (born October 7, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American televangelist. An ordained minister, he is the only son of Robert H. Schuller and Arvella Schuller. His daughter, Christina, is one of the cast members of the first season of Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. As a graduation gift, he gave his daughter a study bible. He serves as senior pastor of the Crystal Cathedral, in Garden Grove, California and is the best-selling author of Possibility Living.

Schuller was raised in Garden Grove, California, where he attended school. He graduated in 1976 from Hope College in Holland, Michigan, with a Bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts. In the 1980's, Schuller became an ordained minister after receiving a master of divinity degree from Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. During that time period he also became vice-president of the Crystal Cathedral, and assumed the title of Executive Director of Rancho Capistrano, where he hosts his own shows via the Internet. (Rancho Capistrano Community Church and Conference Center had a collegiate relationship with the Crystal Cathedral.) Robert also travels to various conferences to discuss "possibility thinking".

Prior to his father's retirement in 2006, they alternated turns, by either reading scriptures and inviting celebrities, musical guests, and even famous athletes to their church to talk about their own challenges, testimonies, words of wisdom, encouragement, temptation, etc., what it is like to love Jesus, and to understand the concept of possibility thinking. With over 20 million viewers, his family's series is the second longest-running Sunday series to date (the first is 60 Minutes, which is 1 yr. older than The Hour of Power).

In 1987, he was also one of the ministers who helped to raise $32,000 to rebuild La Carbonera, Mexico, which was heavily damaged by Hurricane Gilbert. He also took more than 2,000 people on a trip to the Holy Land.

When not preaching and/or traveling, Schuller is the best-selling author of 9 books and he also spends much of his time with his family and wife Donna, who's been married since 1980. Schuller is also the father of 4 children. Robert Anthony's oldest child and son, Robert Vernon, is a one-time minister who read scriptures in 2000 on The Hour of Power show, filling-in for both his father and grandfather (and graduated from Oral Roberts University).

At the beginning of each and every service, he says the trademark phrase, which his father made popular: God loves you, and so do we!

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Schuller"

Robert H. Schuller

The Reverend Dr. Robert Harold Schuller (born September 16, 1926) is an American televangelist and pastor known around the world through his weekly broadcast The Hour of Power.

He was born Robert Harold Schuller in Alton, Iowa to a family of Dutch ancestry and, after finishing his studies at Hope College and Western Theological Seminary, was ordained as a minister in the Reformed Church in America. He worked in Chicago before moving to Garden Grove, California where, after humble beginnings, the Garden Grove Community Church was opened in 1955, later renamed the Crystal Cathedral in 1980. The Crystal Cathedral is the denomination's largest congregation in terms of membership, and arguably the most renowned.

Strongly influenced by his mentor, Norman Vincent Peale, Schuller has focused in his teaching on the positive aspects of Christianity. Rather than concentrating on condemning people for sin, he encourages Christians (and non-Christians) to achieve great things through God, uplifting theology and positive thinking. Such doctrines have led to some spirited criticism on the part of some conservative Evangelicals, both within and without his own Christian denomination.

Bill Hybels and Rick Warren consider Schuller to have had the most influence on their ministries. The Church Leadership Institute was where both Hybels and Warren found a great passion to pursue their ministries.

Robert H. Schuller is the author of numerous Christian and self-help books including Way To The Good Life (1963), Move Ahead With Possibility Thinking (1973), Self-Love (1975), You Can Be The Person You Want To Be (1976), Self-Esteem: The New Reformation (1982), Living Positively One Day At A Time (1986), My Journey: From An Iowa Farm To A Cathedral Of Dreams (2001), Hours of Power (2004) and, most recently, Don't Throw Away Tomorrow (2005).

He is married to Arvella De Haan who has been his right hand in making decisions involving the television ministry. She was a church organist and was very instrumental in developing the music department at the Crystal Cathedral. They have one son, four daughters and 17 grandchildren. His son Robert Anthony Schuller, born 1954 took over as senior pastor of Crystal Cathedral on January 22, 2006.

Schuller preaches on a weekly television program, which has an audience of 30 million viewers.

His visit to Flint, Michigan, to give an inspirational talk to unemployed autoworkers is featured in the 1989 Michael Moore documentary film Roger & Me.

Quotes

"My denomination shunned me when they heard I was preaching in a drive-in theater."

"What would you attempt if you knew you could not fail?"

"Tough times never last, but tough people do."

"God Loves you and so do I!"

Gene Scott - Now deceased. Sued Time Magazine for referring to him as a televangelist in a magazine article.

Eugene Scott

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For the American tennis player, see Gene Scott (tennis) .

William Eugene Scott, also known as Dr. Gene Scott, 14 August 1929 – 21 February 2005, was a United States-based and world-renowned pastor/teacher/televangelist and author of thirteen booklets on various topics ranging from Christianity to the stamps of the Colombian States.

During his long career Dr. Scott served as a traveling evangelist for the Pentecostal Assemblies of God, served as the president of the Full Gospel Fellowship of Churches and Ministers International for nine years and served for a combined total of 35 years as the pastor for the non-denominational Protestant Wescott Christian Center and Faith Center. For the last fifteen years of his career Dr. Scott held weekly Sunday gospel services at the Los Angeles University Cathedral in Los Angeles, California.

[hide]

1 Brief biography
- 1.1 Early life
- 1.2 Education
- 1.3 Marriages
2 Ministry
- 2.1 Assemblies of God
- 2.2 Wescott Christian Center
- 2.3 Full Gospel Fellowship
- 2.4 Faith Center
- 2.5 Church of the Open Door
- 2.6 Los Angeles University Cathedral
- 2.7 University Network
- 2.8 Stage and broadcasting presentation
3 Death
4 Other activities
5 See also
6 External links

Brief biography

Early life

William Eugene Scott was born in Buhl, Idaho, to William Theodore Scott, a traveling Pentecostal preacher, and Inez Leona Graves Scott.

In 1934, when Scott was five, his mother gave birth prematurely to twins, one of whom died shortly after birth. His mother told an interviewer in 1980 that she was visited by angels at this time, stating that she "saw a stairway begin to roll down from heaven and come right down to the side of my bed" and that "two angels walked down, and they stopped in front of Gene." At this point, his mother claims to have said, "Oh no, Lord, you take Gene!" and that the angels "just went around him and picked the baby up". ^{[verification
needed]}

He excelled in primary and secondary school both academically and athletically. According to a story told by Scott's mother in Werner Herzog's 1980 documentary entitled God's Angry Man, an unnamed seventh grade teacher once attached a note to Gene's report card informing his parents that their son was a genius. In another story often recited by Gene Scott on the air, he says he was a good basketball player and that his father's ultra-conservative congregation disapproved of young Eugene Scott wearing shorts as required by the team because they exposed his bare legs. He played throughout his junior high and high school years regardless of the congregation's objection. Gene Scott also began playing alto saxophone during his elementary school years and continued playing his phrases through his high school years.

Education

Gene Scott graduated from Chico State in 1952 with a degree in history and stayed on for a master’s degree in social science.

In 1953, Scott enrolled in Stanford’s School of Education, where he wrote a Proof of the Resurrection for Professor Alexander "Lex" Miller the famous ethical theologian from New Zealand.*

Scott earned his Ph.D. in Philosophies of Education in 1957. The subject of his 394-page doctoral dissertation was Neo-Orthodox theologian Reinhold Niebuhr. His major Prof. was Dr. Larry Thomas, the major proponent for Dewey's Progressive Education on the West Coast.

After receiving his Ph.D., he taught at Evangel College (now Evangel University), and assisted Oral Roberts in establishing Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. For many years he was an evangelist in the Assemblies of God denomination before establishing his independent Protestant ministry.

In 1992 he was featured in the cover story for the Stanford Alumni Magazine and his obituary was published in the May/June 2005 issue of the same publication.

An anecdote in the obituary of Gene Scott characterized Alexander "Lex" Miller as an agnostic. Miller, who inaugurated the curriculum in religious studies in 1950, was a Presbyterian minister.[1]

Marriages

Dr. Gene Scott's first of three marriages was to high school sweetheart Betty Ann Frazer. This marriage lasted twenty-three years. On his program, Scott has portrayed her as the "devil's sister. I hate her. If I go to heaven and she's there, I'm going to another planet." [2]

His second marriage was to Christine E. Shaw, 20 years his junior, which ended in divorce in 1996. She now lives in Canada, serving as an elder in the Presbytery of Pickering, Ontario. [3] ^{[verification
needed]}

His third and final marriage was in 2000 to Melissa Pastore who was 39 years younger than Scott. Dr. Scott ordained his wife Pastor Melissa Scott as the sole leader of the ministry he left behind. Dr. Scott and Pastor Melissa Scott have no children.

Ministry

Assemblies of God

Although declaring himself an avowed agnostic while attending Stanford University, after receiving his Ph.D. he briefly taught at Evangel College (now Evangel University), then assisted Oral Roberts in establishing Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Scott eventually joined the Assemblies of God, a Pentecostal denomination and for several years served in a variety of countries as an evangelist.

Wescott Christian Center

In 1970, Scott resigned his Assemblies of God credentials in good standing and formed Wescott Christian Center with his father, a pastor in Oroville, California. Later, Dr. Gene Scott assumed control of "Faith Center" in Glendale, California, and brought his father, affectionately known as "Pop Scott" and his mother, known as "Mom Scott" to assist him.

Wescott Christian Center is the titleholder to the Los Angeles University Cathedral, other church properties and bank accounts, according to County records.^{[verification
needed]}

Full Gospel Fellowship

Scott was voted vice president of the fledgling "Full Gospel Fellowship of Churches and Ministers International", of which his father was a member, and later served as its president from October 1975 to July 1984.

Full Gospel Fellowship president, Don Arnold visited and spoke at Scott's church on more than one occasion in recent years.

Faith Center

In 1975, while serving his Oroville ministry, Dr. Scott was approached to serve as a financial consultant for the forty-five-year-old "Faith Center" church in Glendale, California, by its then pastor and founder, religious broadcast pioneer Ray Schoch.

Faith Center owned four broadcast stations, which included KHOF-TV channel 30 in San Bernardino, California, KHOF-FM 99.5 in Los Angeles, California, KVOF-TV channel 38 in San Francisco, California, and WHCT channel 18 in Hartford, Connecticut. Faith Center was in crisis, both financial and in regards to its leadership, because Schoch had suffered severe cardiac problems.

Dr. Scott often stated that the congregation of Faith Center unanimously voted him in as its new pastor with sixteen conditions that he required that gave him complete control over the finances, which included his $1.00 annual salary and an unlimited expense account. Dr. Scott returned the church from the red while at the same time he acquired valuable collections, treasured bibles, real estate, and dissolved the polity, membership status of the congregation, and the governance policies then in effect. Ultimately, all four broadcast licenses were revoked by the FCC.

Church of the Open Door

In 1985, Dr. Scott tried to purchase the former Church of the Open Door but was declined by its then owners who were in the process of selling the church for development. The development deal fell through and the owners contacted Scott, who quickly agreed and pursued his move to save the historic structure. Los Angeles Superior Court records show that after many millions had been paid by Scott to acquire the Church of the Open Door, a cloud on the title was alleged by his associate, Lehua Garcia, in attempt to release Scott from his purchaser obligations. The deal fell through and after many hands, it ended up being purchased by another developer. The building was slated for demolition many times.

In attempt to save the historic structure, Dr. Scott worked with the Council of the City of Los Angeles to have the building designated a Historic Monument. The historical monument designation had already existed at the state level.

The Church of the Open Door building was ultimately demolished by wrecking ball.

The buildings' historic red neon rooftop "Jesus Saves" signs had become a very familiar sight to Los Angeles area residents over the years. They are now mounted on a second level building of the Los Angeles University Cathedral.[4]

Los Angeles University Cathedral

In 1989, Dr. Scott was approached by the Bruce Corwin, then president of Miracle on Broadway and Chairman of the Metropolitan Theatres Corporation to restore the United Artists flagship theater (which was built by Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, and Douglas Fairbanks in 1927) in downtown Los Angeles.

In 1990, Dr. Scott and his congregation moved their Sunday service to the building now called the "Los Angeles University Cathedral". Dr. Gene Scott, Inc. acquired full ownership of the cathedral in December 2002.

Scott's restoration of the theater signaled the beginning of an attempted revitalization of the former theatre district along Broadway. The Spanish Gothic style (patterned after a cathedral in Segovia, Spain) University Cathedral became the largest non-denominational Protestant church in downtown Los Angeles. Both the Cathedral and the world-famous "Jesus Saves" signs are designated historic monuments. [5]

Many thousands of visitors have viewed Scott's shrinking exhibition of the "Dr. Gene Scott Bible Collection" with its many historic Bibles, books, and manuscripts which is housed at the Los Angeles University Cathedral. Gene Scott's widow, Melissa Scott, pastor, has had to sell some of the precious bibles to meet her expenses.[6]

University Network

In 1975, Scott began a series of broadcasts, which resulted in the creation of the University Network. By 1983, the University Network was broadcasting his sermons twenty-four hours a day via satellite to the United States and Canada, as well as to much of Mexico and the Caribbean. By 1990, his network was available to 180 countries, and by 1992 his sermons were being broadcast in several languages on AM, FM, and short-wave radio. His programming consisted of his trademark informal style of "Bible" teaching mixed with provocative commentary, music, and personal interests in such diverse subjects as his philately, his paintings, scientific interpretations of the great wonders of the world, and his American saddle-bred horses.

Drawing from nearly thirty years of recorded programming, Scott's radio, satellite and television ministry continues to be broadcast although on different stations and at different times. His Web site remains operational.

Stage and broadcasting presentation

Since his death, reruns of Scott's broadcasts still are aired continuously via satellite and Internet streams, as well as being played at various times on short-wave radio, and terrestrial television.

Scott's broadcasts fall into two distinct categories. The first category is the broadcast of the traditional Sunday service in a format familiar to Protestant Christianity. The second category is a broadcast of what Scott named the Festival of Faith. The Festival of Faith was a very informal, non-traditional broadcast which featured Scott sitting alone in a chair, often smoking a cigar or a pipe, telling jokes, interacting with the crew and "Voices of Faith" (volunteer phone operators), berating his staff and/or his congregation, and making remarks that were often considered to be quite off-color by many listeners. He often spiced up his speech with what many would consider profanity, although all his remarks were within FCC guidelines if not always within the guidelines of good taste. He also was well known for constantly engaging in the nervous habit of cleaning out his nose with a handkerchief while on camera (both during Sunday services and during the Festival of Faith). These Festival of Faith broadcasts also featured Scott reading from books on UFOs, Demonology, The Great Pyramid of Giza, and similar viewer-grabbing topics. He quite often called out, "Am I boring you?" to which his staff and the volunteers responded, "No sir!" These scenes of Scott would be interspersed with long, seemingly bizarre, shots of "Gene and the girls" walking around or riding bikes, where "the girls" were several scantily-clad young women. He also frequently exhorted his viewers to "Get on the phone!" to make a monetary pledge or to encourage him to keep reading.

Werner Herzog made a film documentary about Dr. Scott in 1980 titled God's Angry Man.

Death

Originally diagnosed with a small but aggressive type of prostate cancer in 2000, Gene Scott declined conventional medical treatment and instead relied on faith in God to heal him. According to the American Cancer Society and National Institute of Health, and as Gene Scott announced on public broadcast, the herbs he was taking interfered with his blood PSA levels and treatment. Four years later and consistent with the known pattern of his cell type, the cancer had spread unchecked to all the major systems of the body. Rigorous combined regimens of conventional treatment were implemented too late and were unable to stop the metastatic terminal cancer. Complications of the cancer and treatments set in leading to heart failure, fluid on the lungs and abnormal blood clotting which Dr. Gene Scott described to his congregation during several months of continued live broadcasts. A few days prior to his death, he experienced a stroke and entered into a coma. While in this comatose state in Glendale Adventist Hospital, Dr. William Eugene Scott suffered a fatal stroke and was pronounced dead at 4:30 p.m. PST on Monday, February 21, 2005.

Logan Sekulow

Logan Andrew Sekulow (born November 21, 1985) is an American television talk show host. Sekulow hosts the U.S. television program called The Logan Show and is the son of attorney Jay Sekulow, chief counsel of the American Center for Law and Justice.

Sekulow was the youngest graduate of Full Sail Real World Education, with a degree in Film & Video, in Orlando, Florida. He began work for Nickelodeon on "Slimetime Live" in Orlando, Florida and "U-Pick Live" in New York City, known as "Logan The Intern".

He began hosting his own talk show, "The Logan Show", in 2004, and as hosted numerous Christian events including the Shoutfest tour during the fall of 2005. In 2006 Logan hosted the Cruise with a Cause. The Logan Show airs on the NRB Network(Direct TV), JCTV,Daystar, Inspiration Network, Familynet and Sirrius Radio. Internationally the program airs on GOD TV and Inspiration Network International.

Fulton J. Sheen

Fulton J. Sheen

Archbishop Fulton John Sheen (May 8, 1895 – December 9, 1979) was American television's first preacher of note, hosting Life Is Worth Living in the early 1950s on the DuMont Television Network.

Sheen was born in El Paso, Illinois, the oldest of four sons of a farmer. Though he was known as Fulton, his mother's maiden name, he was baptized Peter John Sheen. As an infant, Sheen contracted tuberculosis. After the family moved to nearby Peoria, Illinois, Sheen's first role in the Catholic church was as an altar boy at St. Mary's Cathedral.

[hide]

1 Education
2 Radio and television
3 Later years
4 Posthumous appeal
5 Trivia
6 Biography
7 Works
- 7.1 Books
- 7.2 Essays
8 External links

Education

After earning high school valedictorian honors at Spalding Insititute in Peoria in 1913, Sheen was educated at St. Viator College, Bourbonnais, Illinois. Making the debating team in his freshman year, his coach called him aside the night before a major debate with the University of Notre Dame, and told him bluntly: "Sheen, you're absolutely the worst speaker I ever heard."

Sheen attended Saint Paul Seminary in Minnesota before his ordination on September 20, 1919, then followed that with further studies at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. His youthful appearance was still evident on one occasion when a local priest who was unable to celebrate Mass asked Sheen to substitute for him. Arriving at the parish, the pastor curtly told him, "Get over to the church. The other altar boys are dressed already."

Sheen earned a doctorate in philosophy at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium in 1923. While there, he became the first American ever to win the Cardinal Mercier award for the best philosophical treatise.

Sheen then taught theology at St. Edmund's College, Ware in England, In 1926, the Bishop of his hometown in Peoria asked him to take over St. Patrick's Parish. After eight months, Sheen returned to Catholic University to teach philosophy.

Radio and television

Fulton J. Sheen featured on the April 14, 1952 issue of Time

A popular instructor, Sheen wrote the first of some 90 books in 1925, and in 1930 began a weekly Sunday night radio broadcast, The Catholic Hour. Two decades later, the broadcast had a weekly listening audience of four million people. During the middle of this era, he conducted the first religious service broadcast on the new medium of television, putting in motion a new avenue for his religious pursuits.

Sheen was also credited with helping convert a number of notable figures to the Catholic faith. One of his first converts was writer Heywood Broun, who had been critical of Sheen's stance on evolution, but after countless discussions with the priest, changed his mind. Others who followed in Broun's footsteps included politician Clare Boothe Luce and automaker Henry Ford II.

Sheen served as Auxiliary Bishop of New York from 1951 to 1965. In 1951 he also began a weekly television program on the DuMont network, Life is Worth Living. The show, scheduled for Tuesday nights at 8:00 p.m., was not expected to offer much of a challenge against ratings giants Milton Berle and Frank Sinatra, but surprisingly held its own, causing Berle to joke, "He uses old material, too". In 1952, Sheen won an Emmy Award for his efforts, accepting the acknowledgement by saying, "I feel it is time I pay tribute to my four writers. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John."

The program consisted of Sheen simply speaking in front of a live audience, often speaking on the theology of current topics such as the evils of communism or the usage of psychology. One of his best remembered presentations came in February 1953, when he forcefully denounced the Soviet regime of Joseph Stalin. Sheen gave a dramatic reading of the burial scene from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, substituting the names of Caesar, Cassius, Marc Antony, and Brutus with those of prominent Soviet leaders: Stalin, Beria, Malenkov, and Vishinsky. From the bishop's lips came the pronouncement, "Stalin must one day meet his judgment." On March 5, 1953, Stalin died.

The show would run until 1957, drawing as many as 30 million people on a weekly basis. In 1958, he became national director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, serving for eight years before being appointed Bishop of Rochester on October 26, 1966. Sheen also hosted a nationally-syndicated series, The Fulton Sheen Program, from 1961 to 1968 (first in black and white and then in color). The format of this series was basically the same as Life is Worth Living.

Later years

While serving in Rochester, he created the Sheen Ecumenical Housing Foundation, which survives to this day. However, his continuing celebrity status led to travels outside the diocese, preventing him from establishing a close relationship with parishioners. That situation was compounded with his controversial stance on racial issues and his denunciation of the Vietnam War in August 1967. On October 15, 1969, one month after celebrating his 50th anniversary as a priest, Sheen resigned from his position and was then appointed Archbishop of the Titular See of Newport (Wales) by Pope Paul VI. The largely ceremonial position allowed Sheen to continue his extensive writing.

On October 2, 1979, two months before Sheen's death, Pope John Paul II visited St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York and embraced Sheen, saying, "You have written and spoken well of the Lord Jesus Christ. You are a loyal son of the Church." Sheen is buried in St. Patrick's Cathedral.

Posthumous appeal

In 2002 Sheen's Cause for Canonization was officially opened, and so he is now referred to as a Servant of God.

Reruns of Sheen's various programs continue to air on the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN) and the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN).

Trivia

Actor Martin Sheen has said on several occasions that he took his stage name from Bishop Fulton J. Sheen.

Sheen often referred to his "angel", who would erase the blackboard when Sheen stepped away from it. This duty was performed by a never-seen stagehand.

The official repository of Sheen's papers, television programs, and other materials is at St. Bernard's Institute in Rochester, New York.

Biography

Reeves, Thomas C. (2001). America's Bishop: The Life and Times of Fulton J. Sheen. Encounter Books. ISBN 1-893554-25-2
Riley, Kathleen L. (2004). Fulton J. Sheen: An American Catholic Response to the Twentieth Century. Alba House.
Sheen, Fulton J. (1980). Treasure in Clay: The Autobiography of Fulton J. Sheen. Doubleday & Company.

Works

Bishop Sheen wrote 96 books and hundreds of articles and columns.

Books

God and Intelligence, 1925
Religion Without God, 1928
The Life of All Living, 1929 Rev. Ed. 1979
The Divine Romance, 1930
Old Errors and New Labels, 1931
Moods and Truths, 1932
Way of the Cross, 1932
Seven Last Words, 1933, Alba House reprint: ISBN 0-8189-0760-6
Hymn of the Conquered, 1933
The Eternal Galilean, 1934
Philosophy of Science, 1934
The Mystical Body of Christ, 1935
Calvary and the Mass, 1936
The Moral Universe, 1936
The Cross and the Beatitudes: Lessons on Love and Forgiveness, 1937, Liguori Publications reprint: ISBN 0-7648-0592-4
The Cross and the Crisis, 1938
Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, 1938
The Rainbow of Sorrow, 1938
Victory over Vice, 1939
Whence Come Wars, 1940
The Seven Virtues, 1940
For God and Country, 1941
A Declaration of Dependence, 1941
God and War and Peace, 1942
The Divine Verdict, 1943
The Armor of God, 1943
Philosophies at War, 1943
Seven Words to the Cross, 1944
Seven Pillars of Peace, 1944
Love One Another, 1944
Seven Words of Jesus and Mary: Lessons on Cana and Calvary, 1945, Liguori Publications reprint: ISBN 0-7648-0708-0
Preface to Religion, 1946
Characters of the Passion, 1946
Jesus, Son of Mary, 1947
Communism and the Conscience of the West, 1948
Philosophy of Religion, 1948
Peace of Soul, 1949, Liguori Publications reprint: ISBN 0-89243-915-7
Lift Up Your Heart, 1950
Three to Get Married, 1951
The World’s First Love, 1952, McGraw Hill, Ignatius Press reprint: ISBN 0-89870-597-5
Life Is Worth Living, Vol. 1, 1953
Life Is Worth Living, Vol. 2, 1954
- Life Is Worth Living: First and Second Series, Ignatius Press reprint: ISBN 0-89870-611-4
The Life of Christ, 1954
Way to Happiness: An Inspiring Guide to Peace, Hope and Contentment, 1954, Alba House reprint: ISBN 0-8189-0775-4
Way to Inner Peace, 1954
God Loves You, 1955
Thinking Life Through, 1955
Thoughts for Daily Living, 1955
Life Is Worth Living, Vol. 3, 1955
Life Is Worth Living, Vol. 4, 1956
Life Is Worth Living, Vol. 5, 1957
Life of Christ, 1958, McGraw Hill, revised edition Doubleday, 1977: ISBN 0-385-13220-4
This Is The Mass, 1958; Rev. Ed. 1965
This Is Rome, 1960
Go to Heaven, 1960
This Is the Holy Land, 1961
These Are the Sacraments, 1962
The Priest Is Not His Own, 1963, Ignatius Press reprint: ISBN 1-58617-044-9
Missions and the World Crisis, 1964
The Power of Love, 1965
Walk with God, 1965
Christmas Inspirations, 1966
Footprints in a Darkened Forest, 1966
Guide to Contentment, 1967
Easter Inspirations, 1967
Those Mysterious Priests, 1974
Life Is Worth Living, First and Second Series Abridged, 1978
Treasure in Clay, 1980
The Quotable Fulton Sheen: A Topical Compilation of the Wit, Wisdom, and Satire of Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen, 1989, George J. Marlin, Richard P. Rabatin, and John L. Swan, editors, Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-26226-4
From the Angel's Blackboard: The Best of Fulton J. Sheen, 1996, Liguori Publications reprint: ISBN 0-89243-925-4
Simple Truths: Thinking Life Through With Fulton J. Sheen, 1998, Liguori Publications reprint: ISBN 0-7648-0169-4
Your Life Is Worth Living: The Christian Philosophy of Life, 2001, Esther B. Davidowitz, Jon R. Hallingstad, editors, Saint Andrew's Press, ISBN 0-9701456-8-3. Transcript of 1965 audio recording.

Essays

The Decline of Controversy

Kerry Shook

Kerry Shook (born 1961) is a Christian speaker and senior pastor of the Fellowship of The Woodlands church, based in Texas. Kerry and his wife, Chris, founded the community church with eight people in 1993. In twelve years the church grew to an average attendance of 13,000 each Sunday, making it one of the fastest growing congregations in America.

A regular Sunday message from Fellowship of The Woodlands is broadcast in the United States and internationally on the Tube, WB, Fox, KTLA and Daystar networks.

Charles Stanley (radio evangelist)

Charles F. Stanley is the senior pastor of megachurch First Baptist Church Atlanta in northern Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder of InTouch Ministries and the Charles Stanley Institute for Christian Living. Stanley also served two terms as president of the Southern Baptist Convention.

[hide]

1 Biography
2 Family
3 Honors
4 Books(Incomplete list)
5 External links

Biography

Dr. Charles Stanley was born September 25, 1932, in Richmond, Virginia. He grew up in rural Dry Fork, Virginia, in the outskirts of Danville. Later graduating from the University of Richmond, and receiving a divinity degree from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas. Finally, he received his master's and doctor's degrees, both in theology, from Luther Rice Seminary in Florida (later relocated to Atlanta, Georgia.

Dr. Stanley became Senior Pastor of First Baptist Church of Atlanta in 1971, and launched a half-hour religious television program, The Chapel Hour, the next year. The Christian Broadcasting Network began televising this show in 1978. In 1982, Dr. Stanley's In Touch Ministries was founded and its radio broadcasts began to be syndicated. During the 1980s, this ministry's broadcasts were available in nearly every major American media market. In 2005, the "In Touch" program could be heard worldwide through shortwave radio.^{[citation
needed]} In the United States, In Touch is broadcast by 500 radio stations (most of which are AM), over 300 television stations, and several satellite networks. It is broadcast on 458 short-wave stations and in over 100 languages. Dr. Stanley's sermons are also available on the In Touch website in the form of podcasts and produces other video and audio programming. In Touch also produces a free monthly magazine called "In Touch" magazine.

Dr. Stanley's writings and broadcasts address issues such as finances, parenting, personal crises, emotional matters, and relationships, and of course, conservative protestant Christianity. According to his Web site, "Dr. Stanley fervently believes the Bible to be the inerrant Word of God, a belief strongly reflected in his teaching." [1]

In 2005, Dr. Stanley invited Lisa Ryan to help co-host a question-and-answer segment, which aired as a segment called "Bring It Home" after the sermon and advertisements. The Q&A segment was intended to help the audience better grasp the content of the sermon through the use of Ryan-posed questions the average listener might ask. The segment disappeared in late 2006 and was ultimately replaced by Dr. Stanley alone. Ryan continues to appear in promotional segments and as voice-over talent.

Family

Dr. Stanley's divorce from his wife Anna in 2000 after several years of separation caused a minor scandal in the Southern Baptist Convention. According to church bylaws, Dr. Stanley will remain eligible to be pastor of First Baptist Church of Atlanta as long as he does not remarry.^{[citation
needed]} Dr. Charles Stanley's son, Andy Stanley, is pastor at another megachurch, North Point Community Church, in nearby Alpharetta, Georgia.

Honors

In 1988, Stanley was inducted into the National Religious Broadcasters (NRB) Hall of Fame.^{[citation
needed]}
In 1989, he was named "Clergyman of the Year" by Religious Heritage of America.^{[citation
needed]}

Books(Incomplete list)

Living in the Power of the Holy Spirit (2005) ISBN 0-7852-6512-0
The Charles F. Stanley Life Principles Bible (2005) ISBN 0-7852-5677-6
Living the Extraordinary Life : 9 Principles to Discover It (2005) ISBN 0-7852-6611-9
When the Enemy Strikes : The Keys to Winning Your Spiritual Battles (2006) ISBN 0-7852-8788-4
Walking Wisely: Real Guidance for Life's Journey (2002) ISBN 0785272984

Jimmy Swaggart

**Rev. Jimmy Swaggart**
Rev. Jimmy Swaggart
Born:	March 15, 1935 (age 71) Ferriday, Louisiana, USA
Occupation:	Pentecostal Preacher
Website:	www.jsm.org

Jimmy Lee Swaggart (born March 15, 1935 in Ferriday, Louisiana) is a Pentecostal preacher and pioneer of televangelism who reached the height of his popularity in the 1980s. During the 1970s, Swaggart established a ministry under the Assemblies of God.

Swaggart is the cousin of rock legend Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl McVoy, and country musician Mickey Gilley. All four of them played the piano.

In 1952 he married Frances Anderson, and he has one son, Donnie Swaggart, also a minister.

[hide]

1 Jimmy Swaggart Ministries
2 Media
3 Controversy and criticism
- 3.1 Sex scandals
- 3.2 Inflammatory Remarks
4 Trivia
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Jimmy Swaggart Ministries

Jimmy Swaggart is currently leader of the Jimmy Swaggart Ministries, located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the stated goals of which are

To see souls saved

The sick healed

Bondages broken

Believers baptized with the Holy Spirit

The Exposition of Bible Doctrine

To teach and preach the Revelation of the Cross ^[1]

Morning and evening services are held on Sundays, and a bible study on Wednesday evenings. Services are broadcast live on the SonLife Radio Network, a network of over 70 radio stations throughout the United States, as well as streamed over the internet.^[1]

The World Evangelism Bible College and Seminary (WEBC&S) is also a part of Jimmy Swaggart Ministries. It's purpose is to "prepare young men and women for an in-depth, Spirit-filled ministry." ^[2] The bible college opened in 1984, and seminary in 1988. Loren Larson is currently serving as president. The following degrees are currently offered:

Th.C (Certificate of Theology)
Th.A (Associate of Theology)
B.Div (Bachelor of Divinity)
Th.B (Bachelor of Theology) ^[3]

Media

Jimmy Swaggart appears weekly in the Jimmy Swaggart Telecast. ^[4] He also participates in a daily radio program, A Study in the Word which is broadcast on SonLife Radio.^[5]

He is the author of many works including an autobiography ^[6] and an account of the 1988 scandal, ^[7] he has also recorded several dozen gospel albums.

Controversy and criticism

Swaggart was named number 70, in Bernard Goldberg's book 100 people who are screwing up America.

Sex scandals

In 1988 Swaggart resigned from his ministry after pictures were taken of him with prostitute Debra Murphree. He issued a lengthy on-air apology for his actions. ^[8]A short video of the event can be seen here.

The photographs had been taken as a result of a rivalry with fellow TV Evangelist Marvin Gorman, who had been defrocked shortly after being accused of "immoral dalliances" by Swaggart. ^[9]

In 1991 he faced controversy again when it was alleged that he was stopped by police in a car with prostitute Rosemary Garcia.^[10]

Inflammatory Remarks

In September of 2004 during a sermon, Swaggart threatened to kill homosexuals... "I'm trying to find the correct name for it ... this utter absolute, asinine, idiotic stupidity of men marrying men. ... I've never seen a man in my life I wanted to marry. And I'm gonna be blunt and plain; if one ever looks at me like that, I'm gonna kill him and tell God he died."^[11]

Trivia

In 1988 rock musician Frank Zappa wrote a number of parodies about Swaggart's then–current sex scandal. On the album The Best Band You Never Heard In Your Life, "Lonesome Cowboy Burt" became "Lonesome Cowboy Jim", and "Penguin in Bondage" and "Trouble Every Day" were also rewritten. Also, the first track of Zappa's Make A Jazz Noise Here album includes a snippet from a show in Boston, on Feburary 20th, 1988, where Zappa informs the audience of "the good news today" that "Jimmy Swaggart is under investigation". Zappa's 1988 live recording Broadway The Hard Way includes a version of The Police song "Murder By Numbers", sung by Sting, and "dedicated" by him to Swaggart, who criticized the song several years earlier.

During the same tour, Zappa also rewrote three Beatles songs to satirize Swaggart. Norwegian Wood became "Norwegian Jim" ^[12], Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds became "Louisana Hooker With Herpes" ^[13], and Strawberry Fields Forever was rewritten as "Texas Motel" ^[14]. Due to problems securing the rights to the original Beatles songs (at the time when Zappa was releasing albums recorded on the 1988 tour, the Beatles copyrights were owned in part by Michael Jackson, who himself was satirized by Zappa in the song "Why Don't You Like Me"), these songs are not available on the regular Zappa catalogue, but audience recordings can be found on the Internet, usually labelled as "Texas Motel Medley". The lyrics to the suite can be found through the references provided.

Skinny Puppy sample his "I am clean" speech on their song "Hexonxonx" from their Rabies album.

Ozzy Osbourne's song "Miracle Man" is about the Swaggart prostitution controversy. The song appears on the No Rest for the Wicked album, released at the height of the scandal in 1988. ^[15]

The Iron Maiden song Holy Smoke, the first single from their 1990 album No Prayer for the Dying, makes reference to Jimmy Swaggart and his 1987/1988 scandal.

Lou Reed's song "Strawman" from his 1989 album "New York" includes the lines: "Does anyone need another President or the sins of Swaggart parts 6, 7, 8, and 9"

In the Jerry Lee Lewis biopic Great Balls of Fire! (1989), Jimmy Swaggart is portrayed by Alec Baldwin.

The Pop Will Eat Itself song The Incredible PWEI vs. the Moral Majority from their 1990 album Cure for Sanity and the James song God Only Knows from their 1990 album Gold Mother both include a quote of Jimmy Swaggart saying things about Satan and his presence in Rock Music.

Robert Tilton

Robert Tilton (born June 7, 1946) is an American televangelist who achieved notoriety in the 1980s and 1990s through his paid television program Success-N-Life. At its peak it aired in all 235 American TV markets. At the time the first investigations into Tilton's ministry occurred in 1991, his television ministry was airing daily in many of those 235 markets and ABC's Primetime Live described it as "the fastest growing television ministry in America".^[1] Within two years after the investigations began, however, Tilton was completely off the airwaves. Tilton has since returned to the television airwaves via his new version of Success-N-Life airing on BET and other outlets catering to a largely African-American audience.

[hide]

1 Biography and early years
2 Success-N-Life
3 Scandal
4 Transitional ministry
5 Reviving Success 'N' Life
6 Continuing scandal
7 Satire
8 Bibliography
9 Notes
10 External links
11 Articles

Biography and early years

According to Tilton's own autobiographical materials, Tilton had a conversion experience to Christianity in 1969^[2] and began his ministry in 1974, taking his new family (including wife Martha "Marte" Phillips, whom he married in 1968) on the road to, in his own words, "preach this gospel of Jesus".^[3] Tilton preached to small congregations and revivals throughout Texas and Oklahoma in the form of a Word-Faith ministry often preached by ministers like Kenneth Hagin, E.W. Kenyon, and Joel Osteen's father John, a Texas minister who was a contemporary of Tilton's and heavily influenced Tilton's own preaching style.^[4] Tilton and his family settled in Dallas, Texas and built a small church in Farmers Branch, Texas called the "Word Of Faith Family Church" in 1976.^[5] The church was growing steadily, but Tilton's many attempts to expand his televised ministry beyond local stations in the Dallas area were stalling until the aspiring minister went to Hawaii--his own self-described version of Jesus' forty days in the wilderness^[6]--and spent time fishing and watching an increasingly popular new form of television programming, the infomercial. Tilton was particularly influenced by the style of infomercials made by real estate mogul Dave Del Dotto.^[7] Upon his return from Hawaii in 1981, Tilton--with the help of a $1.3M (US) loan from Dallas banker Herman Beebe^[8]--put together his new show, called Success-N-Life.^[9]

Success-N-Life

In Success-N-Life, Tilton regularly taught that all of life's trials, especially poverty, were a result of sin.^[10] Tilton's ministry revolved around the practice of making "vows", financial commitments to Tilton's ministry. When a person made a vow to Tilton (Tilton's preferred vow, stressed frequently during his broadcasts, was $1,000), Tilton preached that God would recognize the vow and reward the donor with vast material riches.^[11] A Dallas Morning News story published in 1992 observed that Tilton spent more than 84% of his show's airtime for fundraising and promotions, a total higher than the 22% for an average commercial television show;^[12] other sources put the total fundraising time during episodes of Success-N-Life closer to 68%.^[13] By contrast, the televised ministry of Billy Graham spent an average of 5% of total airtime on fundraising and promotions.^{[citation
needed]}

As a result of Tilton's television success, the membership of the Word of Faith Family Church (renamed "Word of Faith Family Church and World Outreach Center") grew to become an 8,000 member megachurch.^[14]

Tilton is the author of several self-help books about financial success, including The Power to Create Wealth, God's Laws of Success, How to Pay Your Bills Supernaturally, and How to be Rich and Have Everything You Ever Wanted. Most of Tilton's books were published in the 1980s and distributed via promotion on Success-N-Life and through the many mailings Tilton's ministry sent his followers. The books were republished in the late 1990s and are now used as centerpieces of his current infomercial series.^[15]

Scandal

Even before the ABC News investigation into his ministry, Tilton had controversy in his background. In a deposition video for a lawsuit that was taped August 18, 1992, Tilton admitted to having robbed a fruit stand as a teen and abused marijuana, LSD, and various barbiturates as a young man prior to his conversion to Christianity in 1969.^[16] Tilton also admitted several times on Success-N-Life that he used to "drink lots of alcohol and use lots of drugs" before his conversion.

In 1991, Diane Sawyer and ABC News conducted an investigation of Tilton (as well as two other Dallas-area televangelists, W.V. Grant and Larry Lea). The investigation, spearheaded by Trinity Foundation president Ole Anthony and broadcast on ABC's Primetime Live on November 21, 1991, found that Tilton's ministry threw away prayer requests without reading them, keeping only any money or valuables sent to them by viewers, garnering his ministry an estimated US$80 million a year.

Ole Anthony, a Dallas-based minister whose Trinity Foundation church works with the homeless and the poor on the East side of Dallas, had taken an interest in Tilton's ministry after some of the people coming to the Trinity Foundation for help told him they had lost all of their money making donations to some of the higher profile televangelists, especially fellow east Dallas minister Robert Tilton. Curious about the pervasiveness of the problem, the Trinity Foundation got on the mailing lists of several televangelists, including Tilton, and started keeping records of the many types of solicitations they would receive almost daily from various ministries. When former Coca-Cola executive Harry Guetzlaff came to the Trinity Foundation for help and told Anthony that Guetzlaff had been turned away from Tilton's church when he found himself on hard times following a divorce--even though he had been a longtime high-dollar donor, giving up his last $5,000 as a "vow of faith" just weeks earlier--Anthony, a former intelligence officer in the United States Air Force and licensed private investigator, started working on gathering details on Tilton's operation.^[17]

When ABC producers, who had started working on their own investigation into a number of televangelists in early 1991, contacted the Trinity Foundation for information on Tilton, the two groups pooled their efforts. Anthony agreed to portray himself--a Dallas-based minister with a small church looking into the ways televangelist ministries were able to grow so quickly--in a hidden camera operation to get behind the scenes at Response Media, the group handling Tilton's mass mailings. The director of Response Media, Jim Moore, described for Anthony and the hidden cameras (concealed in the undercover Primetime Live producers' glasses and handbags) many of the techniques used by Tilton to raise funds for his ministry, and disclosed that the prayer requests returned by the donors not only were never read by Tilton, but that they were never even intended to be read by him; instead, the mailings were forwarded unopened to the many banks the ministry used in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Trinity Foundation members, acting on this information, started digging through garbage dumpsters outside Tilton's banks and the office of Tilton's lawyer, J.C. Joyce, and found tens of thousands of discarded prayer requests, bank statements, computer printouts containing the coding for how Tilton's "personalized" letters were generated, and more, all of which were shown in detail on the Primetime Live documentary.^[18] In a follow-up broadcast on November 28, 1991, Primetime Live host Diane Sawyer said that the Trinity Foundation and Primetime Live assistants found prayer requests in bank dumpsters on 14 separate occasions in a 30-day period.^[19]

Tilton vehemently denied the allegations and took to the airwaves on November 22, 1991 on a special episode of Success-N-Life entitled "Primetime Lies" to air his side of the story. Tilton also asserted that the prayer requests found in garbage bags shown on the Primetime Live investigation were stolen from the ministry and placed in the dumpster for a sensational camera shot, and that he prayed over every prayer request received, to the point that he "laid on top of those prayer requests so much that the chemicals actually got into my bloodstream, and...I had two small strokes in my brain."^[20]

Primetime Live's original investigation and subsequent updates included interviews with several former Tilton employees and acquaintances. In the original investigation, one of Tilton's former prayer hotline operators claimed that the ministry cared little for desperate followers who called for prayer, saying that Tilton had a computer installed in July 1989 to make sure the phone operators were off the line by seven minutes. Also in the original report, a former friend of Tilton's from college (who remained anonymous and was shown in silhouette) claimed that both he and Tilton would go to tent revival meetings as a sport and would claim to be anointed and healed at the meetings, adding that the two had often discussed the notion that after graduation, they would set up their own roving revival ministry "and drive around the country and get rich." In a July 1992 update to the investigation, Primetime Live interviewed Tilton's former maid, who claimed that prayer requests that were sent to Tilton's house by the ministry were routinely ignored until he told her to move them out of the house and into the garage; according to the maid, "they stacked up and stacked up" in Tilton's garage until he had them thrown away. In the same interview, Tilton's former secretary came forward and claimed that Tilton lifted excerpts from "get rich quick" books and used them in his sermons, and that she never saw him perform pastoral duties such as visiting with the sick and praying with members.^[21]

Despite Tilton's repeated denials of misconduct, the state of Texas and the Federal government got involved in subsequent investigations, finding more causes for concern about Tilton's financial status with each new revelation. After nearly 10,000 pounds of prayer requests and letters to the Tilton ministry were found in a disposal bin at a Tulsa-area recycling firm in February 1992 along with itemized receipts of their delivery from Tilton's main mail handling service in Tulsa rather than from the church offices in Farmers Branch, Tilton admitted in a deposition given to the Texas Attorney General's office that he often prayed over computerized lists of prayer requests instead of the actual prayer requests themselves, and that prayer requests were in fact routinely thrown away after categorization. According to an October 1993 memorandum to Tilton's lawyer, J.C. Joyce, from Rev. James Eugene Ewing, Ewing used a computer demographics program that identifies and isolates some of America's poorest sub-ZIP codes to identify targets for Ewing's St. Matthew's Churches clients--Tilton among them--to send mailings soliciting for new seed-faith vows. The memo noted, among other details, that "[t]he size of each special area is about two to four city blocks[...][a]nd thank God there are tens of thousands of them across the nation."^[22] As each revelation became increasingly more damaging, viewership and donations declined dramatically, prompting Tilton to stop paying for television airtime for Success-N-Life in 1993, and the last episode aired nationally on October 30, 1993.

In 1992, Tilton sued ABC for libel because of its investigation and report, but the case was dismissed in 1993. Federal Judge Thomas Brett, in his July 16, 1993 dismissal of the case, stated that information in the Trinity Foundation's logs on prayer requests reportedly found in dumpsters on September 11, 1991 "could not have been found then because the postmark date was after September 11, 1991", but also noted that Ole Anthony had recanted the erroneous entries in a subsequent affidavit.^[23] Tilton appealed the decision in 1993; although the findings of the original court were upheld in 1995, Federal Judge Michael Burrage's opinion criticized ABC and the Primetime Live producers for the editing of the story and noted that ABC had been warned by their own Religion Editor Peggy Wehmeyer (who knew Ole Anthony from her work as a religion reporter at WFAA-TV in Dallas, Texas) that "Mr. Anthony could not be trusted and was obsessed with his crusade against [Tilton]."^[24] Tilton once more appealed the decision, this time to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1996, but the court refused to hear the case.^[25]

Several donors to Tilton's television ministry sued Tilton himself in 1992 and 1993 charging various forms of fraud. One of the parties suing won $1.5M (US) in 1994 when it was discovered that a family crisis center for which they had made donations (and recorded an endorsement testimonial) was never built nor was ever intended to be built.^[26] The judgment was later reversed on appeal.^[27]

The decline of Success-N-Life also led to the end of Tilton's 25-year marriage to wife Marte, who had served as the administrative head of the Word of Faith Family Church and World Outreach Center, in 1993.

Transitional ministry

Tilton returned to television in 1994 with a new show called Pastor Tilton, a show with an emphasis on the demon-blasting practices--shouting as loud as possible at demons possessing people suffering from pain and illness--of charismatic pastors Sam and Jane Whaley, whom Tilton credited for "casting out [his] own demons" in 1993.^[28] Tilton was introduced to the Whaleys by his new wife, televangelist Leigh Valentine, a former beauty queen who had her own demon-blasting evangelical ministry; the couple were married in the Dominican Republic on February 10, 1994.^[29] Tilton installed Leigh as an associate pastor at Word of Faith Family Church and World Outreach Center and brought demon blasting to the church, a significant change from the Word-Faith prosperity doctrine that had defined the church since its founding.

Pastor Tilton was off the airwaves due to low ratings by the end of 1994. Tilton filed for divorce from Leigh in 1996 after a brief separation and reconciliation in November of 1995^[30] and fired several Word of Faith Family Church employees brought in by Leigh. The Tiltons' divorce, marked by mutual acrimonious statements to each other through the media and courtroom claims by Leigh that she was verbally assaulted and physically abused by an often-drunk Tilton (along with alleged bizarre behavior by Tilton, such as proclaiming himself Pope and claiming that "rats were eating his brain"),^[31] was finalized in 1997.

Reviving Success 'N' Life

Robert and Maria Tilton, 2003

After moving to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida in 1996, Tilton returned to the airwaves in 1997 with a new version of Success-N-Life, buying airtime on independent television stations primarily serving inner city areas. Gone were the "demon blasting" sessions; back again were the Word-Faith messages and calls for "vows". In 1998, the program began airing on cable channel BET as part of the two hour late-night umbrella rotation block of religious programming entitled BET Inspiration. As of 2007, Success-N-Life is still a part of BET Inspiration, usually occupying the first hour of the programming block, as well as running on cable religious programming channel The Word Network.^[32] Most of the episodes of Success-N-Life shown on BET Inspiration were taped in the late 1990s--with testimonials from 1980s-era episodes interspersed throughout the episodes^[33]--but Tilton has also recorded infomercials for his books at least once a year since 2003, often appearing with his third wife, Maria Rodriguez, and their four French poodles. These infomercials also appear under the title of Success-N-Life on BET Inspiration.^[34]

The Word of Faith Family Church and World Outreach Center, whose membership had declined to fewer than 300 by 1996, was finally formally dissolved by Tilton. Though Tilton was still listed as the church's senior pastor, he had not preached at the church since March 16, 1996, when he named Chattanooga, Tennessee minister Bob Wright as senior associate pastor.^[35] The church building was purchased by the city of Farmers Branch in 1999 for use as a future civic center; however, the economy suffered a downturn and the plans were scrapped, and the building was finally demolished in 2003 to make room for a new youth hockey center.

In March 2005, Tilton started a new church in Hallandale, Florida, not far from his home in Miami Beach. The church, Christ The Good Shepherd Worldwide Church, has approximately 150 members as of 2006. Tilton has also renamed his televangelist ministry "Christ The Good Shepherd Worldwide Church", though the old name ("Word Of Faith") is used alongside it. Tilton is also listed as the pastor and overseer of a smaller church of the same name in Las Vegas, whose resident pastor is Danny Rodriguez.

Continuing scandal

When Tilton returned to television in 1997, he established his ministry's headquarters in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where his lawyer J.C. Joyce's offices were located, and set up a Post Office box as its mailing address. A woman employed by Mail Services, Inc., a Tulsa-area clearinghouse handling mail sent to Tilton's ministry, said that when she worked for Mail Services, Inc. in 2001, prayer requests were still routinely thrown away after donations, pledges, etc. were removed.^[36]

Steve Lumbley, who worked for Tilton's ministry in 1991 when the original Primetime Live investigation took place, told a reporter for the Dallas Observer in 2006 that reports of prayer request disposal that were the centerpiece of the 1991 Primetime Live exposé were highly exaggerated. In an article for the dallasobserver.com blog "Unfair Park", Lumbley asserted that "[t]he mailings all had some kind of gimmick. They weren't godly at all. But the primary allegation that came out of that--that prayer requests were thrown away--was categorically untrue, and I can guarantee you that was not a normal practice." However, Lumbley, who now runs a Christian watchdog website called ApostacyWatch.com, does credit ABC and the Trinity Foundation for exposing Tilton's unethical fundraising tactics, noting that "God was using Ole and ABC to chastise Tilton and bring him down."^[37]

As of 2007, the Trinity Foundation still monitors Tilton's television ministry as part of Trinity's ongoing televangelist watchdog efforts. In a 2003 interview published in Tulsa World, Ole Anthony estimated that with none of the Word of Faith Family Church overhead and television production costs at a fraction of the original Success-N-Life program, Tilton's current ministry was likely grossing more than $24M (U.S.) per year tax-free.^[38]

Satire

In 1985, two American men began distributing a video they compiled lampooning Tilton and his ostensible conversations with God. The video exploits Tilton's facial expressions and preaching style. Entitled Pastor Gas, the video featured a medley of footage from Success-N-Life, overdubbed with well-timed sound effects of flatulence. Unofficial VHS copies of the video circulated in the United States through the late 1980s, under such titles as Heaven Only Knows, The Joyful Noise, and The Farting Preacher. After the hosts of The Mark and Brian Show, a radio program in Los Angeles, mentioned the video on the air, the video's authors saw the market potential and began selling official copies of their creation. The video distribution (including digital bootlegs distributed online) expanded public awareness of Robert Tilton and his controversial "television ministry".

The stand-up comedy material of Ron White also includes mention of Robert Tilton. In the opening to White's act in the first Blue Collar Comedy Tour movie, Ron claims that "while sitting in a beanbag chair naked eating Cheetos," he finds Tilton on TV and believes Tilton is talking specifically to him: "Are you lonely?" "Yeah." "Have you spent half your life in bars pursuing sins of the flesh?" "Man, this guy's good..." "Are you sitting in a beanbag chair naked eating Cheetos?" Ron gapes in horror before squeaking, "...Yes sir!" "Are you going to get up and send me a thousand dollars?" (#pause for effect#) "Close! Thought he was talking about me for a second. Apparently, I ain't the only cat on the block (who) digs Cheetos!"

In the early 2000s, the Trinity Foundation put together a number of news broadcasts, including the initial Primetime Live piece, from the years surrounding the investigations into Tilton's ministry on a DVD entitled The Prophet of Prosperity: Robert Tilton and the Gospel of Greed. The DVD also includes segments from The Daily Show's "God Stuff" (hosted by Trinity Foundation member John Bloom, a.k.a. Joe Bob Briggs), excerpts from the "Pastor Gas" videos, and a number of mocking music videos, as well as moments from Success-N-Life showing Tilton's more outrageous claims of "visions from God".

Mike Warnke

Michael Alfred "Mike" Warnke (born November 19, 1946 in Evansville, Indiana) was a Christian evangelist and comedian who became one of evangelical Christianity's best-known experts on the subject of Satanism until an investigation revealed his testimony of having been a reformed ex-Satanist was a hoax.

[hide]

1 Early life
2 Book and recordings
3 Extravagant claims
4 Eastern Orthodoxy
5 Investigation and downfall
6 External links
7 Further reading

Early life

Warnke was the son of Al "Whitey" Warnke and Louise Warnke. In 1955, Warnke's mother was killed in a car accident in Tennessee. Three years later his father died, leaving Mike an orphan. Mike was taken to foster parents in San Bernardino, California, where he graduated from Rim of the World High School in Crestline in June of 1965. In September of 1965, he enrolled at San Bernardino Community College but withdrew after one semester. On June 2, 1966, Warnke enlisted in the United States Navy as a hospital corpsman.

According to Warnke's account in The Satan Seller, he had a religious experience on August 27, 1966, and he received Jesus into his life as his personal Savior. The following year, he married his first wife, Sue Studer. In 1969, Warnke went to Vietnam for a five-month tour of duty where he won a Purple Heart and five combat ribbons. He returned to the United States in 1970.

Shortly thereafter, Warnke received help from Congressman Del Clawson to get out of the Navy as a conscientious objector. After his discharge, Warnke took up with San Diego evangelist Morris Cerullo and began to become known as a 'former Satanic high priest.' Warnke and Cerullo traveled the country with a 'Witchmobile' that demonstrated different (alleged) Pagan and Satanic practices. After a falling out with Cerullo left Warnke on his own, he wrote the book that would make him famous.

Book and recordings

In 1973, a book appeared in the Christian press that purported to be Warnke's life story. "The Satan Seller" was written by Warnke with help from David Balsiger and Les Jones. The book told of Warnke's orphaned childhood and his introduction into Satanism by a mysterious acquaintance from college named "Dean Armstrong". It then details Warnke's descent into sexual orgies, alcoholism, and drug dealing. In the midst of this, he rose in the ranks of Satanism to the level of "high priest". However, Warnke was later removed from his perch by an attempted murder - a heroin overdose - that left him angry and disillusioned. He then joined the U.S. Navy, went to Vietnam, and came home as an evangelist. The story ended with Warnke happily married to Sue Studer in California.

The book launched Warnke into mini-stardom as he became a popular speaker at Christian meeting places such as Melodyland in Anaheim, California. Warnke then traveled to Tulsa, Oklahoma to attend a nine-month Bible college. At this time Warnke was a practicing charismatic Christian. After nine months, Warnke graduated from the Bible college.

In November 1975, a recording was made in an Indiana coffeehouse of Warnke giving a talk about his conversion from Satanism to Christianity. This recording was later made into Warnke's first album, Alive. In 1976, Alive was widely played on Christian radio. That same year, Warnke divorced his wife, Sue Studer, while he was having an affair with another Bible college graduate, Carolyn Alberty.

In 1977, Warnke released his second album, Jester In The King's Court, and appeared on the cover of Harmony magazine, a Christian trade publication. The following year, Warnke's Vietnam experiences were publicized on his third album, Hey, Doc! But a disagreement with his record label, Word Records, and the artist and manager led to a three-year hiatus in Warnke recorded material. In 1979, he allegedly beat his now second wife, Carolyn Alberty, who left him. That same year, Mike Warnke met Rose Hall, a thrice-divorced mother of three from Kentucky. In 1980, Warnke moved to Kentucky to Rose's farm.

Problems with the recording company meant that Warnke did not release any new material until 1981. Throughout the 1980s, Warnke released several recordings: Coming Home (1981), Higher Education (1982), Growing Up (1983), Stuff Happens (1985), One In A Million (1988) and the VHS home video Do You Hear Me? (1989).

Extravagant claims

In 1982, Warnke began to exaggerate his achievements. As the 1980s progressed, the number of degrees Warnke claimed multiplied from two Bachelor's degrees to two Master's Degrees to a Doctorate of Philosophy. Warnke's career received a major boost when he appeared in a May 16, 1985 story on "20/20" featuring ABC News reporter Tom Jarriel. Warnke told of fingers being cut off, ritual sacrifice, animals being killed to use their blood in a sacrifice, and many other gory details. After Warnke's appearance on "20/20," he became a well paid 'expert' on Satanism. By 1989, Warnke and his wife were reportedly making over a million dollars apiece annually. He was frequently cited as an expert on the occult by Christian radio host Bob Larson and the Chick Publications stable of authors.

Eastern Orthodoxy

While Warnke had been a Charismatic Christian during the 1970s, he maintained a growing interest in the Eastern Orthodox tradition and was eventually ordained by an "independent bishop" claiming to be Orthodox but not a part of the mainstream Eastern Orthodox Church. Warnke incorporated his own small Orthodox denomination in 1982 called the Holy Orthodox Catholic Church in Kentucky (HOCCK). He continued as a Christian comedian and purported expert on Satanism during this time to a largely Evangelical and Charismatic audience, and did not publicize his conversion.

Investigation and downfall

In 1991, Cornerstone magazine launched an investigation into Warnke's life and testimony. The previous year, that magazine had debunked the story of Lauren Stratford, who had written Satan's Underground, a book in which she claimed to have been deeply involved in Satanism to the point of being present at a Satanic ritual where her own child was sacrificed (the child in question never existed). After this exposé, Cornerstone journalists Mike Hertenstein and Jon Trott investigated Warnke. Their investigation included tax receipts for the ministry, interviews with over 100 personal friends and acquaintances of both Warnkes, and most devastatingly, pictures of Warnke taken at the precise time he claimed to be a Satanist priest, allegedly emaciated from drug use and sporting long fingernails and waist-length white hair. The pictures showed Warnke to be a typical 'square' of the mid-1960s. One claim that was easily refuted by Cornerstone was that Charles Manson had briefly been a member of Warnke's coven, and attended several meetings. Manson was in federal prison in Washington at the time the alleged meetings occurred. Cornerstone also uncovered that Warnke had been involved in Campus Crusade for Christ before having joined the Navy, where he had supposedly converted. During the investigation, Warnke divorced again, and he and his now ex-wife Rose published a book called Recovering from Divorce. Hertenstein and Trott not only reported this fact, but found out that he had married yet again (to Rim High classmate Susan Patton) and moved back to California, facts unknown to the general public.

Warnke made no attempt to disprove the charges. He failed to provide even a single eyewitness who knew him to be a Satanist, despite his claim that there had been over 1500 members in his coven. In June 1992, Cornerstone released the story at the annual Christian Booksellers' Association convention in Dallas. Initial response to the article was overwhelmingly against Warnke, but Word Records stated they would stand by their artist. Finally, with pressure building, Word dropped Warnke from its label. On September 30, 1992, Warnke Ministries closed its doors. The fall came less than 100 days after the startling revelations hit the media.

In some cases, a figure such as Warnke will gain sympathy as a backlash against the criticism. Instead, Warnke's fierce insistence that he had 'told all' only diminished his credibility further. In the spring of 1993, Warnke submitted to pastoral authority in the form of discipline and acknowledging prior infidelity in his marriages. The committee had little independence from Warnke, however, and did not address the fabrications in his book and ministry, which Warnke never admitted to. From this point, Warnke largely disappeared from the public scene. He suffered a heart attack in 1997, and in 2000 was attempting a comeback, limited to small churches around the Kentucky area. In 2002, he published Friendly Fire: A Recovery Guide for Believers Battered by Religion (ISBN 0-7684-2124-1), an unapologetic account of what he perceived as his unfair treatment by fellow Christians in the wake of the Cornerstone exposé. As of December 2006, he continues to claim in his website bio that he is a former Satanic high priest, despite this claim having been disproven by the Cornerstone investigation.

Jim Whittington

Reverend Jim Whittington (born 1941 in Grifton, North Carolina). Whittington is a televangelist that spent 10 years in prison for money laundering, mail fraud, conspiracy, and interstate transportation of stolen property from his evangelist crusades and direct mail business in the 1980s.

In 1992, Whittington and four others were convicted of stealing $848,532 from Valeria Lust while Whittington was the on-air presence for Fountain of Life Ministries.

Prosecutors said the minister kept his luxury lifestyle after leaving prison in 1995 and in 10 years had repaid less than 2 percent of the money he owed. They said his ministry paid for cars, jewelry, and a country club membership. Whittington had been known to own expensive high-speed boats and a Rolls-Royce.

On November 2, 2005, U.S. District Court Judge Malcolm Howard ordered Whittington to pay Lust $5,500 a month.

Today Whittington lives in Atlanta and the focus of his crusades and infovangelist late night TV shows are shown in the poor areas of Jamaica and St Kitts.

When Whittington was originally sentenced to 10 years in prison in the mid 1980s, the Judge famously said to Whittington, “You’ve picked the last flake of flesh from the carcass of the widow you defrauded."

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Televangelism

Contents

Scandals

Trivia

Robert A. Schuller

Robert H. Schuller

Quotes

Eugene Scott

Contents

Brief biography

Early life

Education

Marriages

Ministry

Assemblies of God

Wescott Christian Center

Full Gospel Fellowship

Faith Center

Church of the Open Door

Los Angeles University Cathedral

University Network

Stage and broadcasting presentation

Death

Logan Sekulow

Fulton J. Sheen

Contents

Education

Radio and television

Later years

Posthumous appeal

Trivia

Biography

Works

Books

Essays

Kerry Shook

Charles Stanley (radio evangelist)

Contents

Biography

Family

Honors

Books(Incomplete list)

Jimmy Swaggart

Contents

Jimmy Swaggart Ministries

Media

Controversy and criticism

Sex scandals

Inflammatory Remarks

Trivia

Robert Tilton

Contents

Biography and early years

Success-N-Life

Scandal

Transitional ministry

Reviving Success 'N' Life

Continuing scandal

Satire

Mike Warnke

Contents

Early life

Book and recordings

Extravagant claims

Eastern Orthodoxy

Investigation and downfall

Jim Whittington